Skip to main content
Advantive

Process Capability Formulas Reference

Formulas and Tables

SPC DEMO

Minimize Production Costs, Quickly Detect Issues, and Optimize Your Product Quality

Don’t miss out! Book a demo of our specialized SPC software and unlock immediate improvements in your processes.

Book a Demo

Target Z, Zupper, and Zlower formulas

Target Z

Zupper

Zlower

Where:

= the mean of the X-bars
T = specification target
Sigma is an estimated sigma or sigma of the individual values, depending on how the histogram
is configured or whether you are calculating Cpk (estimated) or Ppk (actual).


Additional reference material

Additional sections from legacy actual-percent-f:

Actual percent out-of-spec formulas

Actual % out-of-spec = % above upper spec + % below lower spec

To find actual % above spec:

To find actual % below spec:

Related topic:
The formula for theoretical percent out of spec

Additional sections from legacy theoretical-f:

Theoretical percent out-of-spec formulas

To find theoretical % above spec:

Locate the value for Zupper in a standard normal table.

To find theoretical % below spec:

Locate the value for Zlower in a standard normal table.

Given:

And assuming:

In theory:

If the Z value from the standard normal table is multiplied by 100, then this process is expected to produce X% of its output outside specification.

Show me:
The standard normal table
The formulas for Target Z

Related topic:
The formula for actual percent out of spec

Customers using Advantive in quality advisor

“Enact helps us quickly respond to quality issues, which saves us money.”
Jegadish Gunasagaran Quality Assurance Manager, Bakery on Main
““What sets Ben & Jerry’s apart from our competitors is not only our insistence on high-quality ingredients, but also the extra and unique flavours we use to create a euphoric customer experience. Ensuring the final product reflects the passion and quality that we put into each pint required a quality solution that emphasized the same attention to details that we do.””
Melissa Corcia, Quality Manager, Ben & Jerry’s
““By utilizing InfinityQS® ProFicient™ to implement SPC and Six Sigma best practices across our manufacturing processes, Ben & Jerry’s will continue to identify opportunities for cost savings and ensure the highest level of customer satisfaction. The result is the perfect pint for our customers.””
Nina King, Quality Supervisor, Ben & Jerry’s